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"Laidlaw, James"
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The subject of virtue : an anthropology of ethics and freedom
\"The anthropology of ethics has become an important and fast-growing field in recent years. This book argues that it represents not just a new subfield within anthropology but a conceptual renewal of the discipline as a whole, enabling it to take account of a major dimension of human conduct which social theory has so far failed adequately to address. An ideal introduction for students and researchers in anthropology and related human sciences. [bullet] Shows how ethical concepts such as virtue, character, freedom and responsibility may be incorporated into anthropological analysis [bullet] Surveys the history of anthropology's engagement with morality [bullet] Examines the relevance for anthropology of two major philosophical approaches to moral life\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
For An Anthropology Of Ethics And Freedom
There cannot be a developed and sustained anthropology of ethics without there being also an ethnographic and theoretical interest - hitherto largely absent from anthropology - in freedom. A possible way of studying ethics and freedom comparatively and ethnographically is suggested, and illustrated using some brief comments on Jainism. / Il ne peut y avoir une anthropologie morale développée et soutenue sans qu'un intérêt ethnographique et théorique - jusqu'à présent absent de l'anthropologie - soit aussi porté à la notion de la liberté. Une approche possible à l'étude comparée et ethnographique de l'ethique et de la liberté est proposée, et quelques commentaires succincts sur le Jainisme servent à l'illustrer.
Journal Article
Recovering the human subject : freedom, creativity, and decision
\"This volume responds to the often proclaimed 'death of the subject' and common debate across the social sciences for post-humanist approaches in a distinctively anthropological manner. It asks: can we use the intellectual resources developed in those debates to reconstruct a new account of how individual human subjects are contingently put together in diverse historical and ethnographic contexts? Anthropologists know that the people they work with think in terms of particular, distinctive, individual human personalities, and that in times of change and crisis these individuals matter crucially to how things turn out. The volume features a classic essay by Caroline Humphrey, 'Reassembling Individual Subjects' that provides a focus for the debate to bring together a range of theoretical approaches and rich and varied ethnography.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
IMPERFECT ACCOMPLISHMENT: The Fo Guang Shan Short‐Term Monastic Retreat and Ethical Pedagogy in Humanistic Buddhism
ABSTRACT
Fo Guang Shan (佛光山; Buddha's Light Mountain), an international Buddhist movement headquartered in Taiwan, regularly runs what it calls a short‐term monastic cultivation retreat, a week‐long residential program designed to provide lay members with an opportunity for intensive cultivation (修養; xiuyang or 修行; xiuxing). Contributions to the anthropology of ethics have recently drawn sharp distinctions between ordered, systematic ethics associated especially with religious traditions, and the compromise and accommodation that result from the exigencies of everyday life. This retreat, we argue, shows that the experience of ethical shortcomings can be a positive instrument and aspect of religious striving. While much debate in the anthropology of ethics assumes an a priori conceptual framework that opposes ordinary or everyday exigency to ordered transcendence, exigency and order in the Fo Guang Shan retreat are instead mutually constitutive and dynamically related. Here, failing and being corrected are not imperfections in, but central and ritually scripted elements of its ethical pedagogy.
摘要
總部設於臺灣的佛光山是具有世界影響力的佛教組織。其各地道場
定期舉行之「短期出家修道會」活動通常持續一周，旨在為信眾提供
密集修行機會。目前倫理人類學研究領域已明確區分了兩種道德實
踐：其一為具有完美性和秩序性特質之系統，如宗教；其二為在日常
生活應對道德困境時形成的具有折衷性和適應性的倫理。本研究透
過分析佛光山「短期出家」活動，提出：（1）「不圓滿」體驗在個人宗
教修行中具有獨特的積極促進作用；（2）兩種倫理是相輔相成，互
動共生的。在佛光山「短期出家」中，活動參與者的行為錯誤與被矯
並非通常認為的「不圓滿」所在，而是修行教育體系中至關重要的核
心部分。
摘要
总部设于台湾的佛光山是具有世界影响力的佛教组织。其各地道场
定期举行“短期出家修道会”，活动通常持续一周，旨在为信众提供密
集修行机会。目前伦理人类学研究领域明确区分了两种道德实践：一
是具有完美性和秩序性特质的系统，如宗教；二是在日常生活应对道
德困境时形成的具有折衷性和适应性的伦理。本研究通过对佛光山“
短期出家”活动的分析，提出：（1）“不圆满”体验在个人宗教修行中具
有独特的积极促进作用；（2）两种伦理是相辅相成，动态共生的。在
佛光山“短期出家”中，活动参与者的失败感与被矫正经验并非通常认
为的“不圆满”所在，而恰是修行教育体系中至关重要的核心部分。
Journal Article
Through a glass, darkly
Comment on Ortner, Sherry. 2016. “Dark anthropology and its others: Theory since the eighties.” Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6 (1): 47–73.
Journal Article
Significant differences
Response to HAU Book Symposium on Laidlaw, James. 2014. The subject of virtue: An anthropology of ethics and freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Journal Article
The interactional foundations of ethics and the formation and limits of morality systems
Comment on Keane, Webb. 2016. Ethical life: Its natural and social histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Journal Article
A free gift makes no friends
The giving of alms to Shvetambar Jain renouncers is a specific institutionalized elaboration of the idea of a free gift, an idea which all the major world religions have their own ways of instantiating, and which in north Indian languages is expressed by the word dan. This example illustrates the inherently paradoxical nature of the idea of a gift, and why it is a mistake to define the gift as necessarily reciprocal and non-alienated. Like the pure commodity, the pure gift is characterized by the fact that it does not create personal connections and obligations between the parties. This understanding of the gift, which is implicit in Mauss, enables us to resolve the apparent paradox in the ethnography of dan, that although it is a free gift it is often harmful to its recipients.
Journal Article
